A data transmission method and apparatus using a multi-point cooperative transmission for a backhaul link transmission of a relay communication system. A data transmission method of a base station in a radio relay communication system include: obtaining, by a first BS, first radio resource information scheduled by a neighbor BS with respect to a first relay node (RN) located within the coverage of the first BS; when the first BS has data to be transmitted to the first RN, scheduling the data of the first BS on first radio resource allocated by the neighbor BS; and transmitting, by the first BS, the data of the first BS on the first BS, wherein the first RN is located within an overlapping cell coverage between the first BS and the neighbor BS. Thus, backhaul link transmission efficiency between the BS and the RN in the relay communication system can be improved and an inter-cell interference with respect to a backhaul link can be reduced.