A fastening device (6) for detachably fastening a first component (4) to a second component (5), especially to a motor vehicle. A bearing block (7), which has a stay bolt (13), is fastened to one component (5). The bearing block (7) has an anchor bracket (8), which is fastened to the other component (4) and which has an anchor hook (15) for hooking onto the stay bolt (13). A locking device (16) is provided which can be adjusted between a locking state, in which anchor hook (15) can be hooked into and detached from the stay bolt (13), and an unlocking state, in which stay bolt (13) is fixed to the anchor hook (15) hooked into same.