A method includes receiving a signal comprising a symbol-carrier matrix, the symbol-carrier matrix including a predetermined pattern of reference symbols, and determining at least one channel estimate Ĥi,k at at least one of the reference symbol positions of the reference symbols in the symbol-carrier matrix, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . is the carrier index and k=0,1,2, . . . is the symbol index of the symbol-carrier matrix. The method further includes determining a Doppler spread {circumflex over (ω)}D on the basis of the at least one channel estimate Ĥi,k.