Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding multi-view video to provide uniform picture quality at different viewpoints. The multi-view video encoding method includes selecting a set of referenced viewpoint video frames referred to by different viewpoint video frames, from among received multi-view video frames; encoding the multi-view video on the basis of the set of referenced viewpoint video frames; determining whether a condition for changing the set of referenced viewpoint video frames is satisfied; and if the condition is satisfied, changing the set of referenced viewpoint video frames, and encoding the multi-view video on the basis of the changed set of referenced viewpoint video frames. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide multi-view video in which degrees of video quality deterioration at different viewpoints are uniformly distributed with respect to a long time.