A surfactant of formula 1 (Rf-A)a-Q-([B]k—R)b  Formula 1 wherein a and b are each independently 1 or 2; Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl radical having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted with at least one oxygen; R is a C1 to C20 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, or a C6 to C10 aryl; B is —(CH2CHR1O)X—, k is 0 or 1, x is 1 to about 20, A is —(CH2)m[(CHR1CH2O)]S—[(CH2)m(CH)tCHOH(CH2)m]e—, wherein each m is independently 0 to 3, s is 0 to about 30, t is 0 or 1, and e is 0 or 1, R1 is H or CH3, Q is: —OP(O)(O−M+)(O)—, —O—, —S—(CH2)m—C(O)—O—, —SO2—O— —CH2CH2O—C(O)CH2C(OH)(V)CH2C(O)O—; —(CH2CH2O)XCH2CH(OH)—(CH2CH2O)X—(CH2)m—Si[OSi(R2)3]2—, —SO2NR2—, —(CH2CH2O)ZC(O)CH(SO3−M+)CH2C(O)(OCH2CH2)Z— wherein z is 1 to about 15, or a bond when s is a positive integer, V is —C(O)OR3 and R3 is H, CH3 or Rf; R2 is C1 to C4 alkyl, and M+ is a Group 1 metal or an ammonium (NHXR2y)+ cation wherein x+y=4, and R2 is C1 to C4 alkyl, provided that when Q is —OP(O)(O−M+)(O)— or when Q is —(CH2CH2O)Z—C(O)CH(SO3−M+)CH2C(O)(OCH2CH2)Z—, then at least one of s or e is a positive integer.