Disclosed herein is an arithmetic decoding apparatus that decodes encoded data while updating first and second state variables based on first and second context variables. The first context variable represents a probability state. The second context variable represents a most probable symbol. The arithmetic decoding apparatus includes: a decoding information table that stores transitions of a range of the most probable symbol and a range of a least probable symbol within a range identified by the first context variable, and a number of a symbol for which the range of the most probable symbol becomes less than a specific value; a number-of-symbols determination section configured to determine the number of symbols in the encoded data that are to be decoded collectively; and an output section configured to decode and output a symbol corresponding to the number of symbols that are to be decoded collectively.