A fluid actuated chuck is disclosed wherein the piston-cylinder drive assembly is rotationally immobile relative to the chuck body. More particularly, a fluid actuated chuck is disclosed having a cylindrical body adapted to be rotated about its central axis and including radially movable master jaws. An actuator ring is provided which is operatively connected to the master jaws of the chuck body in a manner such that the axial movement of the actuator means effects the radial movement of the master jaws. A reciprocating piston-cylinder drive assembly is rotatably mounted about the chuck body and is capable of generating a force directed axially along the chuck body. A radial thrust bearing is interconnected between the piston-cylinder drive assembly and the actuator ring to transmit the axially directed forces generated by the drive assembly to the actuator ring. In operation, fluid pressure is used to actuate the piston-cylinder drive assembly. The axially directed force generated by the drive assembly is transmitted via the thrust bearing to the actuator ring thereby effecting the radial movement of the master jaws. Since the chuck body is rotated independently of the piston-cylinder drive assembly, rotating or running seals are eliminated.