A three-dimensional data encoding method encodes a plurality of three-dimensional points, and includes: selecting one prediction mode from two or more prediction modes for calculating a predicted value of an attribute information item of a first three-dimensional point, in accordance with attribute information items of one or more second three-dimensional points in vicinity of the first three-dimensional point; calculating the predicted value by the selected prediction mode; calculating, as a prediction residual, a difference between a value of the attribute information item of the first three-dimensional point and the calculated predicted value; and generating a first bit stream that includes the selected prediction mode, the prediction residual, and a number of the two or more prediction modes.