The present invention relates to a biogas production system using organic waste, including: a pretreatment facility having a mixed equalization tank adapted to equally mix food waste and livestock manure and treat and produce the mixed food waste and livestock manure as the organic waste; an anaerobic digestion facility having anaerobic digesters adapted to perform anaerobic digestion of the organic waste introduced thereinto; a gas refinery and power plant having a cogeneration plant adapted to perform cogeneration using the biogas produced in the anaerobic digestion facility; a composting and liquefaction facility having a solid-liquid separator adapted to separate the organic waste fed from the anaerobic digesters of the anaerobic digestion facility into liquid and sludge; and an odor treatment facility for purifying the odor emitted from the mixed equalization tank.