The present invention discloses a high temperature resistant outer layer covering aerogel composite material with low dielectric, high heat insulation and high fireproof characteristics and preparation method thereof. The method comprises steps of: (1) mixing hydrolysis, (2) condensation and dispersion, (3) structure molding, (4) atmospheric pressure drying, (5) outer layer covering, (6) curing molding and (7) surface treatment. In this technology, a trace amount of water-dispersible high temperature resistant glue is added to the aerogel sol in the step of condensation and dispersion, which is injected into the fiber-containing preformed structure, and dried at high temperature and atmospheric to prepare aerogel preformed materials. And then, the aerogel preformed materials are wrapped by a high temperature resistant material and cured to prepare the aerogel composite material with low dielectric, high heat insulation and high fireproof properties. The high temperature resistant outer layer of this technology contains single-layer, multi-layer or stacking and laminating multilayers, so that the product can be applied in fire prevention, energy saving and carbon reduction, especially application in the cleanroom or the thermal runaway safety protection of lithium battery module of electric vehicle.