Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the biomedical technical field, and disclose a retinal prosthesis and a visual perception method based on the retinal prosthesis. The retinal prosthesis includes: a capturing assembly, a neuromorphic processor and a light stimulator. The capturing assembly is configured to capture an external scenario and encode the captured external scenario as spike sequences. The neuromorphic processor is configured to predict spike responses of ganglion cells of an implant recipient of the retinal prosthesis according to a preset deep learning algorithm and the spike sequences. The light stimulator is configured to stimulate the ganglion cells based on the spike responses of the ganglion cells. The retinal prosthesis can further reduce the data size and the amount of computation effectively, so that the power consumption is greatly reduced on the premise of keeping a relatively high processing speed.