Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing based communication. In some aspects, a transmitter of OAM multiplexing based communication may determine an azimuth mode configuration for transmitting a data stream, wherein the azimuth mode configuration indicates one or more azimuth modes. The transmitter may transmit, to a receiver of the OAM multiplexing based communication, the data stream based at least in part on the azimuth mode configuration. Numerous other aspects are described.