A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL)-based free space active optical transceiver component is provided, which includes: a transmitter that includes a plurality of VCSELs (12), at least one photodiode (13), a first focusing lens array (14) or a first optical system (14), and a first printed circuit board (11); and a receiver that includes a plurality of photodiodes (22), at least one VCSEL (23), a second focusing lens array (24) or a second optical system (25), and a second printed circuit board (21). The transmission and reception of a short/medium-distance free space (wireless) high-speed optical communication signal can be implemented, and a single-channel transceiving rate may reach 10 Gbps or higher. The component may be used for implementing a free space high-speed signal transmission function in a short/medium-range high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) device. In addition, the component also has the characteristics of free space connection, high transmission rate, low cost, small size, easy assembly and mass production, etc., and has a broad market prospect.