Aspects disclosed herein include a method for treatment of a subject, the method comprising: topically administering a melanin formulation having an artificial melanin material (thereby administering artificial melanin material) to (or, to a site of) damaged skin of the subject; wherein the administered artificial melanin material comprises extracellular artificial melanin material at (or, at the site of) the damaged skin; and facilitating skin healing in the wound via at least the extracellular artificial melanin material; wherein the step of facilitating skin healing comprises at least a portion of the extracellular artificial melanin material performing a therapeutic extracellular activity.