Provided is a dry etching method capable of selectively etching an etching object containing lanthanum as compared with a non-etching object at a sufficient etching rate without plasma. The dry etching method includes a dry etching step of bringing an etching gas containing nitrosyl fluoride into contact with a member to be etched (12) having an etching object that is to be etched by the etching gas and having a non-etching object that is not to be etched by the etching gas, to selectively etch the etching object as compared with the non-etching object without plasma. The etching object contains lanthanum.