This application discloses a data processing method and an apparatus. The method includes: after obtaining first data, a first communication apparatus processes the first data based on a first parameter, to obtain a first transmission symbol, and sends the first transmission symbol to a second communication apparatus. Correspondingly, the second communication apparatus receives the first transmission symbol. The second communication apparatus processes the first transmission symbol based on the first parameter to obtain an input of a neural network, and processes the input by using the neural network to obtain a processing result. The first parameter is determined based on first accuracy and first channel information, the first channel information is information about a channel between the first communication apparatus and the second communication apparatus, and the first accuracy indicates accuracy of processing data by the neural network.