Provided is a resin composition which has good solubility and photocurability, further has good alkaline-developability when containing a photo initiator and a compound containing one or more carboxyl groups, and in addition, is capable of providing a resin sheet having suppressed tackiness; and a resin sheet, multilayer printed wiring board, and semiconductor device using the same. The resin composition of the present invention contains a particular bismaleimide compound (A), and at least two maleimide compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of six kinds of particular compounds which are different from this bismaleimide compound (A).