The present disclosure relates to a 5th-generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system, which is to be provided for supporting higher data transmission rates after a 4th-generation (4G) communication system, such as long-term evolution (LTE). A method of a base station proposed in various embodiments of the present disclosure comprises the procedures of: transmitting synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) allocated on the basis of deployment information of the base station, an angle covered by each sector of the base station, and the number of SSB indices; receiving, from a terminal, an SSB index selected from among the SSBs; estimating a location of the terminal on the basis of the SSB index; estimating a speed of the terminal on the basis of the SSB index and the location of the terminal; estimating a moving section of the terminal on the basis of the speed of the terminal; and configuring a beamforming vector for the terminal on the basis of the moving section of the terminal.