A dual-purpose calibration system for an optical pressure sensitive paint considering static and sinusoidal pressure changes, and a calibration method, in which a dual-purpose calibration tube is used in common, are provided. In the dual-purpose calibration system, a dynamic adapter and a static adapter are replaced with each other to achieve switching between dynamic calibration and static calibration, so that two calibration methods, one static and the other dynamic, can be implemented by the dual-purpose calibration system. The switching between the dynamic calibration and the static calibration includes changing between the dynamic adapter and static adapter, and setting a sound source corresponding to the dynamic adapter or setting a gas source corresponding to the static adapter.