Various embodiments include an electrode comprising: a solid electrolyte; and a metal M selected from the group of metals consisting of: Cu, Ag, Au, and Pd. The solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: germanium disulfide, germanium diselenide, germanium sulfide, germanium selenide, tungsten trioxide, silver(I) sulfide, silicon dioxide, yttrium-stabilized zirconium(IV) oxide, polysulfone, polybenzoxazole, and polyimide.