A human-powered vehicle control device controls the transmission that changes the transmission ratio of a human-powered vehicle. The control device includes an electronic controller that switches between a first control state for controlling the transmission to change the transmission ratio in accordance with a first prescribed set of conditions, and a second control state for controlling the transmission to suppress the change of the transmission ratio as compared with if the electronic controller is in the first control state, in accordance with at least one of the motion state of the body of the human-powered vehicle, the steering state of the human-powered vehicle, the surface conditions of a travel path on which the human-powered vehicle travels, and a pedaling preparation state related to the pedals of the human-powered vehicle.