The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving, by a terminal, data in a wireless communication system. The present invention may provide a method and an apparatus which receive, from a base station, a system information block comprising backoff information for an arbitrary connection procedure; select an arbitrary backoff time between a first minimum backoff time and a first maximum backoff time; transmit, to the base station, a preamble for any connection after the selected arbitrary backoff time has elapsed; receive a response message comprising resource information for transmitting data, in response to the preamble; and transmit, to the base station, the data on the basis of the resource information.