The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method and an apparatus for channel estimation in a wireless communication system are provided. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an method of a receiving apparatus in a wireless communication system includes: estimating channel tap values by using a first reference signal; and estimating an effective channel regarding a second reference signal, based on channel tap indexes corresponding to values greater than or equal to a threshold from among the channel tap values. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving apparatus can more exactly estimate an effective channel, and can achieve a lower BLER even in a high SNR region.