A data transmission method is provided. The method includes obtaining configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates transmission resources of a random access preamble and payload data corresponding to the random access preamble, transmitting the random access preamble and the payload data at the transmission resources, modulating the payload data using a modulation scheme supporting asynchronous transmission, and receiving feedback information, wherein the feedback information comprises an indication which indicates whether the payload data is successfully received. Various examples of the present disclosure also describe a method for receiving data with space multiplexing which is applied to a base station side, and further describe a terminal and a base station. Employing the examples of the present disclosure, transmission efficiency of long duty cycle and sporadic small data packets of a large number of devices in the Internet of Things in future communication systems can be improved.