Provided is a floating water wave energy collection and conversion system, which comprises at least two buoyant members (101, 102) floating on the surface of the water and connected movably with each other in series, wherein the movable connection can be a hinged connection. A power transmission device and an energy conversion device (103) are provided on the buoyant members and the power transmission device and the energy conversion device (103) of adjacent buoyant members (101, 102) are movably connected with each other, being able to make a relative movement with respect to each other. As water waves fluctuate, two adjacent buoyant members (101, 102) rotate relatively, with an axis of a hinge shaft as the centre line, so as to drive the power transmission device and the energy conversion device (103) on the buoyant members to make a relative movement, thereby achieving energy conversion. The energy conversion device is a line type generator, a rotary generator driven by a rack and pinion, a hydraulic oil cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The conversion system can utilize water wave energy effectively, has a simple structure and is low cost, thereby facilitating implementation and application.