A method for manufacturing a steel plate provided with a layered structure. A method for manufacturing a steel plate includes: i) providing a high carbon steel plate; ii) homogenizing the high carbon steel plate; iii) transforming the high carbon steel plate into an austenitic phase by heating the high carbon steel plate; iv) contacting the high carbon steel plate with an oxidization gas and converting the high carbon steel plate into a steel plate comprising surface layers that are spaced apart from each other and are decarburized to be transformed into a ferritic phase, and a center layer that is located between the surface layers and is not decarburized; and v) cooling the high carbon steel plate and transforming the center layer into a martensitic phase.