A method for making a molded carbon fiber prepreg includes the steps of: (a) thermocompressing a pristine carbon fiber prepreg that includes a carbon fiber substrate and a matrix resin impregnated into the carbon fiber substrate, and a thermoplastic material at an elevated temperature such that the thermoplastic material and the matrix resin of the pristine carbon fiber prepreg are subjected to a crosslinking reaction so as to form a crosslinked thermoplastic layer on the pristine carbon fiber prepreg; and (b) injection molding a thermoplastic elastomer onto the crosslinked thermoplastic layer. A molded carbon fiber prepreg obtained from the aforesaid method is also provided.