A surface treatment composition of this invention is a composition for treating a metal wiring-including surface of a semiconductor substrate, which includes a compound (A) represented by a specific structural formula and a solvent (B) having a boiling point at one atmospheric pressure of 50 to 300° C., and has a pH of 4 to 11.According to the surface treatment composition of the present invention, oxidation of metal wiring of a semiconductor substrate can be suppressed and deterioration of the flatness of the metal wiring portion due to unusual oxidation can be suppressed. Furthermore, when an insulating film or a barrier metal film is present on a metal wiring-including surface of the semiconductor substrate, fang and surface roughness of the metal wiring occurring in the interface between the metal wiring and the insulating film or the barrier metal film can be suppressed.