The present disclosure relates to a composition for dyeing keratin fibers, comprising at least one polyalkene-based supramolecular polymer, at least one pigment and at least one volatile solvent, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one supramolecular polymer to the at least one pigment has a value greater than 0.25, and also a process for dyeing keratin fibers using this composition. The present disclosure may make it possible to obtain, on the keratin fibers, colored coatings for keeping the hairs individualized while at the same time preserving the physical qualities of the fiber.