Provided is a system and method for configuring environments of a private system using a smart card in a public system. The system includes a smart card that stores owner identification information, system-environment and work-environment information, private data, and payment information; a public system that authenticates a user of the smart card by using the owner identification information of the smart card and reconfigures a system and work environment similar to the private system to perform work continuously ; a service providing sever that provides an installation program or substitute program required for configuring the latest work environment of the user; and a payment server that pay a usage charge for the public system connected to the smart card.