A variable reluctance electric motor employs motor coils installed adjacent to or integral with railroad rails and uses the steel wheels of railroad locomotives and cars as its moving elements. This “rail motor” electrically propels unmodified conventional railroad trains or individual railroad cars, without the use of diesel engines and with no mechanical connection to the vehicles, and is electronically controlled. Electric operation eliminates the production of air pollution by any locomotive traveling through rail motor-equipped zones, improves system capacity by providing boost power on ascending grades, and can be used to brake trains, recovering and storing the energy.