Disclosed is a foldable electronic device including a first housing, a second housing, at least one first camera module disposed on the first housing to face a first direction, at least one second camera module disposed on the second housing to face the first direction, a first display disposed on the first housing to face a second direction opposite to the first direction and the second housing to face the second direction, a sensor module configured to sense a folding state of the foldable electronic device, a memory, and a processor configured to identify, in response to a photographing request, the folding state of the foldable electronic device based on sensing data obtained from the sensor module, sense a folding angle change of the foldable electronic device based on the identified folding state, obtain, based on the folding angle change, multiple images from each of the at least one first camera module and the at least one second camera module, and process and provide the obtained multiple images.