A method for preparing a fluorescent polarizing film based on directional arrangement of quantum rods. In the method, an inkjet printing technology is used for printing quantum-rod ink having proper viscosity and surface tension on a substrate according to a preset pattern, and directionally arranging quantum rods to obtain a fluorescent polarizing film. The diameter and spacing of fluorescent lines obtained by the method can be controlled and adjusted according to parameter conditions such as a needle aperture, a printing speed, and a preset pattern. The prepared transparent fluorescent film with directionally arranged quantum rods has a high degree of polarization, can be prepared on a flexible substrate in a normal temperature environment, and has wide applicability.