A vehicle door opening and closing apparatus includes a vehicle door, a rail mounted on a vehicle body having a door aperture, a roller unit mounted on the vehicle door and configured to move along the rail and to allow the vehicle door to open and close in a sliding mode and in a swing mode, a sliding guide extending from a rear edge of the door aperture and extending straightly in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, a swing guide bent from the sliding guide toward an interior of the vehicle body, a center roller unit mounted on the vehicle door and guided along the sliding guide and the swing guide, and a variable stopper mechanism covering an exterior-side opening of the swing guide in the sliding mode and uncovering the exterior-side opening of the swing guide in the swing mode.