In one aspect, a system for controlling ground-engaging tools of an agricultural implement may include first and second ground-engaging tools configured to perform first and second operations, respectively, on a field as the agricultural implement is moved across the field. Furthermore, a controller of the disclosed system may be configured to determine a first value of a field characteristic based on the received sensor data and adjust an operating parameter of the first ground-engaging tool based on the determined first value. After adjusting the operating parameter of the first ground-engaging tool, the controller may be configured to determine a second value of the field characteristic based on the sensor data and adjust an operating parameter of the second ground-engaging tool based on the determined second value.