A rotary compression-molding machine includes an upper punch-retaining portion disposed above a table including die bores and retaining an upper punch, a dust-proofing device including a sealing case including a bottom wall that includes an insertion bore penetrated by the upper punch and faces a downward surface of the upper punch-retaining portion, and an outer wall facing an outer surface of the upper punch-retaining portion, and supported by the upper punch-retaining portion, and an expandable dust cover attached to be in contact with a downward surface of the bottom wall of the sealing case and covering a circumferential edge of the insertion bore and an outer circumference of the upper punch, and air passages disposed between the outer wall of the sealing case and the outer surface of the upper punch-retaining portion.