The present disclosure provides coronavirus S1-fragment specific binding moieties comprising Type II VNAR domains, VNAR antibodies, methods of using those moieties and antibodies to treat COVID-19. In some embodiments, a VNAR antibody, originally selected from a phage display library as a VNAR clone using S1fragments from the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, are also effective at specifically binding to and/or neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and certain SARS-CoV-2 mutants.