The present disclosure provides a bogie, a rail vehicle having same, and a rail transport system. The bogie includes: a bogie frame, where the bogie frame has a straddle recess straddling a rail; a first running wheel and a second running wheel, where the first running wheel and the second running wheel are pivotably mounted onto the bogie frame respectively and are coaxially spaced apart; a third running wheel and a fourth running wheel, where the third running wheel and the fourth running wheel are pivotably mounted onto the bogie frame respectively and are coaxially spaced apart; a driving device, where the driving device is located between the first running wheel and the second running wheel, and the first running wheel and the second running wheel are driven by the driving device; and/or the driving device is located between the third running wheel and the fourth running wheel, and the third running wheel and the fourth running wheel are driven by the driving device. The bogie according to this embodiment of the present disclosure facilitates optimization of the structure of an escape passage, and has advantages such as high space utilization, high stability, and strong weight bearing capability.