A sensing apparatus includes a base substrate; a plurality of sensing units on the base substrate, a respective one of the plurality of sensing units including a first component configured to emit light and a second component configured to detect light; and an elastic layer on a side of the plurality of sensing units distal to the base substrate and configured to undergo a deformation upon a touch, at least a portion of light emitted from the first component being reflected by a surface of the elastic layer. The second component is configured to detect light reflected by the surface of the elastic layer and output a sensing signal, an intensity of which being correlated to a degree of the deformation of the elastic layer at a local position.