The present invention provides a resource file processing method based on a blockchain structure. The method includes a member node in a blockchain including at least one supervision node and at least one member node constructs a resource file registration request according to a user instruction, and sends the resource file registration request to one of the at least one supervision node. According to the resource file registration request from any member node, the at least one supervision node audits and registers a resource file indicated by the resource file registration request, and transmits the registration result back to the member node initiating the resource file registration request. The at least one member node performs an operation on a real physical resource associated with the registered resource file by performing data communication with another member node.