A fixing member includes a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate layer and including Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of 0.80 to 1.30 for a (111) plane, 0.80 to 1.50 for a (200) plane, and 0.70 to 1.30 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the second metal layer.