Disclosed herein are systems and methods of identifying malicious files using a learning model trained on a malicious file. In one aspect, an exemplary method comprises selecting, using a hardware processor, the malicious file from a plurality of malicious files that are known to be harmful, selecting, using the hardware processor, a plurality of safe files from a set of safe files that are known to be safe, generating, using the hardware processor, a learning model by training a neural network with the malicious file and the plurality of safe files, generating, using the hardware processor, rules for detection of malicious files from the learning model, determining, using the hardware processor, whether attributes of an unknown file fulfill the rules for detection of malicious files using the learning model and responsive to determining that the rules for detection are fulfilled, identifying, using the hardware processor, the unknown file as malicious.