The cooling and heating neckband is adapted for use with a person. The person is further defined with a head and a neck. The cooling and heating neckband is worn by the person. The cooling and heating neckband transfers heat to and from the person to make the person more comfortable. The cooling and heating neckband comprises a heat transfer structure, a foam layer, and a covering structure. The heat transfer structure is an apparatus that transfers heat to and from the person during physical activity. The foam layer is a cushion that covers the heat transfer structure. The covering structure is a textile-based structure. The heat transfer structure and the foam layer are inserted in the covering structure. The covering structure attaches the cooling and heating neckband to the person.