A cajón percussion instrument includes a mallet mechanism and a pedal mechanism. The mallet mechanism has a first upright frame disposed on a first bottom plate. A first rotating member is insertedly connected to the first upright frame. The first rotating member is provided with a mallet. The pedal mechanism has a second upright frame disposed on a second bottom plate. A second rotating shaft is insertedly connected to the second upright frame. Two ends of a pedal are pivotally connected to the second bottom plate and the second rotating member, respectively. A fixing seat is provided on each of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate. A sleeve is connected to the second fixing seat. The sleeve is configured to receive a cable therein. Two ends of the cable are connected to the first rotating member and the second rotating member, respectively.