A fuel consumption measurement system of a work vehicle includes a first fuel data calculation unit configured to calculate first fuel data related to fuel consumption, based on a fuel injection amount injected to an engine, a second fuel data calculation unit configured to calculate second fuel data related to fuel consumption, based on a change amount of a fuel amount in a fuel tank, a correction coefficient calculation unit configured to calculate a correction coefficient based on the first fuel data and the second fuel data, a correction coefficient determination unit configured to determine whether the correction coefficient falls within a prescribed range, a fuel consumption data calculation unit configured to calculate fuel consumption data indicating a fuel consumption rate, based on the correction coefficient determined to fall within the prescribed range, and the first fuel data, and an output unit configured to output the fuel consumption data.