Provided are an airborne microbial measurement apparatus and a method of measuring the same. The airborne microbial measurement apparatus includes a particle separation device including a main body having a flow space in which airborne microorganism flows and a collection unit separably coupled to one side of the main body to collect the airborne microorganism, a reagent container in which a lysis reagent reacting with the airborne microorganism collected in the collection unit and a luminous material are stored, and a luminescence measurement device for measuring intensity of light emitted after the airborne microorganism reacts with the lysis reagent and the luminous material.