A frame loss compensation processing method and apparatus is presented, where the method includes, when a ith frame is a lost frame, estimating a spectrum frequency parameter, a pitch period, and a gain of the ith frame according to at least one of an inter-frame relationship between first N frames of the ith frame or an intra-frame relationship between first N frames of the ith frame. A parameter of the ith frame is determined using the signal correlation between the first N frames, the signal energy stability between the first N frames, intra-frame signal correlation of each frame, and intra-frame signal energy stability of each frame.