A separator according to the embodiment includes a porous base material having a thermoplastic resin. The porous base material has a heat-resistant porous layer on at least one surface thereof. The heat-resistant porous layer contains inorganic particles, a resin, and sulfur. A lithium ion secondary battery according to the embodiment, includes: the separator interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and an electrolyte solution. The heat-resistant porous layer is disposed between the positive electrode and the porous base material. Sulfur is distributed unevenly in the heat-resistant porous layer so as to exist in larger amount near a surface thereof opposite to the porous base material.