A positioning system and a positioning method are provided. The positioning system includes a target apparatus, at least one non-optical positioning apparatus, a plurality of optical positioning apparatuses and a host. The non-optical positioning apparatus and the optical positioning apparatuses are disposed in a field. The host determines a rough position of the target apparatus in the field based on a non-optical positioning signal of the non-optical positioning apparatus. The host selects one or more selected optical positioning apparatuses located within a default range of the rough position from the optical positioning apparatuses. The host dynamically enables the selected optical positioning apparatus, and the host dynamically disables the remaining optical positioning apparatus out of the default range among the optical positioning apparatuses.