Embodiments of the present invention provide jewel and jade identification method and apparatus. The method comprises the steps: (a) placing a sample to be detected over a light transmission hole formed on a carrying surface of an object table and emitting, by an optical probe disposed below the carrying surface, an exciting light onto the sample through the light transmission hole and then collecting a Raman scattered light from the sample by the optical probe. (b) acquiring a Raman spectrum curve of the sample from the collected Raman scattered light from the sample; and (c) comparing the Raman spectrum curve with a reference Raman spectrum library for jewels and jades to identify the sample. The method and apparatus may achieve effective, convenient and accurate inspections of the jewels and jades.